Reference: Yates, K., Gurdal, Z., Thangjitham, S., “ Multilevel Optimization using a Continuum Model For Structures”, Fourth AIAA/ USAF/ NASA/ OAI Symposium on Multidisciplinary Analysis and Optimization, Cleveland, OH, Sep 21-23, 1992, pp773-782.
System Representation:
The multilevel optimization uses a system optimizer, subsystem optimizer and an external controller. The controller calls the system optimizer to run with a certain set of parameters (penalty multipliers used in the penalty function methods). Once called, the system optimizer runs, calling the subsystem optimizer as necessary, until it converges to a minimum. Based on the results, the controller changes the parameters and calls for a new optimization or end the process.
